Speech Recognition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discourse Recognition - Essay Example Typical human connection is verbal and nonverbal (outward appearances). A consistent movement in PC innovation ought to be a move away from console and mouse association and toward verbal or facial acknowledgment innovation. Biotechnology as of now exists as unique finger impression acknowledgment and discourse acknowledgment programs. Unique mark acknowledgment essentially plots three purposes of a finger impression and gives it a numerical equal. Many educational systems use unique mark acknowledgment projects to accelerate their lunch lines. Understudies just put their thumb on the peruser, their print is perceived, and their record is charged for the lunch. In 1965 Gordon Moore made an expectation that PC innovation would twofold about at regular intervals. In particular, Moore anticipated that the quantity of transistors on a chip would twofold at regular intervals and that chip size would bit by bit become littler. Greater limit would open up the likelihood to run an ever increasing number of complex projects. The expanded limit was accomplished by each chip being able to hold an ever increasing number of transistors after some time. Moore's law is significant on the grounds that the PC innovation of the 1960's would need to build ability to deal with projects, for example, discourse acknowledgment and facial acknowledgment programs. ... Moore's law has remained constant. Chip innovation has multiplied limit at around multi year spans since 1970. Intel's Duel Core Itanium 2 Processor holds roughly 1,000,000,000 transistors contrasted with the 8088 processor of the 70's which held around 15,000 transistors. Discourse Recognition A console/mouse interface with PC frameworks is a plan that followed the legitimate movement from typewriters to PC based word-preparing programs. Be that as it may, this interface doesn't reproduce how individuals speak with each other. Characteristic correspondence is verbal and incorporates facial acknowledgment also. As PCs have gotten incorporated into pretty much every area of society their utilizations have gotten progressively fluctuated (away from basic word-handling). It is just legitimate that interfaces should change and advance also. Discourse acknowledgment innovation moves clients from console/mouse interfaces and toward an interface that is progressively normal for the client. A discourse acknowledgment program incorporates the two synthesizers and recognizers. These two gadgets reproduce human association by taking human discourse and transforming it into text (recognizer) and taking content and transforming it into discourse (synthesizer). Any individual who has utilized modernized phone replying mail realizes that, albeit unmistakable as discourse, PCs don't make a sufficient showing of recreating manners of speaking or accents found in ordinary discourse designs. The most exceptional discourse acknowledgment program available is Window's Vista. Intel technologists are chipping away at an AVSR (Audio Visual Speech Recognition) program that will overhaul innovation that exists as a various media association program. Mechanical advances, for example, discourse acknowledgment innovation, will permit

Hepatitis C Essay -- essays research papers

Hepatitis C has been alluded to as a "Silent Epidemic," since it as a rule advances gradually over numerous years. The vast majority who are contaminated with hepatitis C don't know about any perceptible side effects for up to one to two decades after they are tainted. Indeed, when side effects show up, the infection has likely previously started to harm the liver. In the event that the liver is harmed and quits working, demise will consistently be the result (Lieber). Liver disappointment from incessant hepatitis C is one of the most widely recognized reasons for liver transplants in the United States. Hepatitis C is an irritation of the liver’s cells and tissues brought about by the hepatitis C infection (HCV). Hepatitis C infection is blood-borne, which implies it is spread through blood and blood items (Grady). After the disclosure of hepatitis An infection in 1973 and hepatitis B in 1963, any instances of intense or ceaseless hepatitis or cirrhosis without recognizable causes were set into the class of non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis(Palmer108) . In 1989, a significant advancement with respect to this secretive and charming ailment happened, the hepatitis C infection was distinguished. Presently, most hepatitis C infections are accepted to be the infections liable for around 90 percent of all instances of NANB. As indicated by the U.S. Places for Disease Control and Prevention, roughly 1.8% of the U.S. populace, or 3.9 million Americans, have been contaminated with this interminable blood-borne infection. Around 50,000 new instances of hepatitis C are assessed to happen in the United States every year. Without appropriate and successful treatment the demise rate is required to significantly increase in the following fifteen years (Turkington 9). Seventy-five percent of those tainted with the infection will create incessant hepatitis and half of those individuals will create cirrhosis of the liver Because of the way that Hepatitis C is blood-borne there are numerous ways an individual can contract HCV, and numerous kinds of individuals who are more inclined to it than others. The best method of transmission is the point at which a contaminated people blood gets into the circulation system of someone else. HCV can just enter the circulatory system by first traversing the defensive covering skin, this is called percutaneous course. Normal courses of disease incorporate needle stick mishaps among human services laborers, shared needles that are utilized during body puncturing, infusing unlawful medications, and inking (Turkington 19). Another normal ... ...eek such a large number of individuals disregard them and return to their ordinary lives. When the vast majority become tainted with intense hepatitis C and are untreated, patient will create ceaseless hepatitis. Truth be told 85 percent of contaminated individuals create incessant hepatitis C (Palmer 118). Constant hepatitis can prompt cirrhosis of the liver, liver disappointment, and liver malignant growth (Hoofnagle). In the event that Chronic hepatitis doesn't switch itself, and a liver transplant isn't done the liver will contract, the kidneys will come up short, and the patient will slip by into a state of insensibility (Bushie). The principle indication for ceaseless hepatitis in jaundice. The outcome is the yellowish appearance of the skin and eyes and the pee will turn into an earthy shading (Leiber). Numerous patients have whined of red bothersome rash on their bodies and agony in their lung and stomach territories (Bushie). The appendages regularly swell, and many experience cerebrum mists, where they overlook what's going on around them. There are numerous side effects that hepatitis C imparts to different infections, this is the thing that makes it hard to analyze. After the determination is produced using the important blood tests, the specialist will play out a liver biopsy to decide the degree of irritation and harm in the liver.

Write a Great Conclusion for a Research Paper

Write a Great Conclusion for a Research Paper When creating a good research work, its conclusion must sound like a last accord in the song. This is the last part of your work, so it should make the reader feel that your piece is finished and well-done. If the audience will stay impressed after reading your work, they will definitely read more of your papers in the future. If you feel stuck during writing a good conclusion paragraph for a research paper, we are here to help you in this! Follow all rules you found in this guide, and we promise you will create a bright and strong last paragraph. We have gathered important tips about this paragraphs goal, what information you should bring there, and how to make it effective. Keep in your mind that a weak and uninteresting conclusion makes the entire paper weak, no matter how good you made it. The main mission of the last paragraph When you finish a research paper, its important to summarize the aim and content of the entire work without making it too long. In the final part, you must restate a thesis statement and sum up all important points of the work. This is a last paragraph of the project and it should make the audience feel that your work is finished. What to include into the conclusion? If you need to know how to write a conclusion for a research paper, you have to remember these three rules: You need to keep the introduction paragraph around, but you shouldnt rewrite a thesis from there. All you need is to restate it with other words. A good conclusion should have at least 3 sentences, this is a minimum. In this paragraph, you need to finish your paper without bringing any new ideas and information. How to write a conclusion for a research paper step-by-step Follow these simple steps to finish your work properly: Rephrase the topic and explain why your paper is important. Make sure you do it shortly; usually the one sentence is enough. Rephrase your thesis from the introduction. But dont make it the same to that thesis statement. Sum up the main things shortly. It means you need to provide the audience with information you put in the main part of your work. Explain your points shortly. You have to summarize your argument and if needed, to call people to the action. More tips how to write a good conclusion for a research paper Here are several hints how to make your last paragraph effective. Your last part of work should be written similar to the first part. But dont repeat those words, try to rephrase them. Tie your work by connecting your conclusion with the introduction. Here are the main rules how to do it: Put a question at the beginning of your paper, and provide your readers with the answer at the end. Put an interesting story at the very beginning, but dont share the end of it. Then provide the continuation at the last part. Find and read samples. A bright and successful example of a conclusion for a research paper can be quite helpful to create your own paragraph. Finish your work logically. Make a logical and clear opinion supported by strong evidence. Bring a question instead of making an explanation. This will force the readers to form their own understanding of your work. Make people to do some action, give them a recommendation or suggestion. Writing a conclusion for a research paper: guide to avoid mistakes Avoid phrases “in the conclusion”, “at the end of research”, “in summary”. Such phrases can weak your work. They sound very unnatural and your last paragraph sounds too straight to the audience. Instead, we suggest using phrases “As my paper demonstrated”, “To sum up”, “We can say”, etc. Dont bring any new facts in this part. This is not a right place for it â€" all such things should be put in the body part of the work. Avoid phrases “I think”, “My opinion is”, “I can say that”. You should provide readers with the conclusion made by points you put into the paper, but not by your own opinion. All work is based on facts, so the conclusion should end your paper with phrases “By all counts”, “According to provided results”, “By summing up all things we said above”. Dont bring any apologies. Such phrases like “I am not a good expert in this”, “My thoughts could be wrong”, “I am not sure”. In general, a research paper shouldnt be created from the first person words. Usually, only informal papers are written this way, so it cant be used for a formal paper. When you finished the last part, make sure you checked it for grammar and logical errors. Remember that your work must look professional and clear, so dont forget to pay attention to this thing. Successful sample of a conclusion paragraph for a research paper There is no doubt that smoking affects people health. Smokers get lungs cancer much often than other people, plus their life is shorter compared to non-smokers. According to research provided in this paper, smokers can get many other health problems like high pressure, heart attack, problems with skin, stomach and a bad cough. Their lungs couldnt provide them with enough air, and every new cigarette puts them closer to death. Dont let this bad habit to kill you, but make your life better and quit! We do hope this guide was helpful for you. Follow all tips we provided you in the article, and create a bright and logical conclusion for your research paper. Of course, writing is not easy, but when you know all the needed rules and understand the way of building your work, then you will create a successful paper!

Simple Conjugations for Rompre in French

The French verb rompre means to break. Its a word youll find many uses for in French, though its not your only option. The verbs casser and briser also mean to break.   When you do use rompre, youll find it helpful to know its basic conjugations. This will allow you to say such things as we broke or she is breaking in conversation. A quick lesson will serve as a good introduction to this irregular verb. The Basic Conjugations of  Rompre French verb conjugations come with varying degrees of difficulty and  rompre  is one of the more challenging youll encounter. Thats because  rompre  is an  irregular verb  and it does not follow a regular pattern like some others. However, a word like  interrompre (to interrupt)  is conjugated in the same way, so studying the two simultaneously would be a wise move. The indicative verb mood is where you will find the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. These are the forms youll use most often in French, so they should be your top priority in memorization. The verb stem (or radical) of  rompre  is  romp-. To this, a variety of endings are added to correspond with both the subject pronoun and the tense. Using the chart, you will discover that  je romps  means I am breaking and  nous romprons  means we will break. Present Future Imperfect je romps romprai rompais tu romps rompras rompais il rompt rompra rompait nous rompons romprons rompions vous rompez romprez rompiez ils rompent rompront rompaient The Present Participle of  Rompre The  present participle  of  rompre  is formed as if it were a  regular -er  verb. In this sense, it is easy to remember that it requires -ant  for the ending to form the word  rompant. Rompre  in the Compound Past Tense The  past participle  rompu is used to form the  passà © composà ©,  a common French past tense compound. It begins with a present tense conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir  to which  rompu  is added. For example, I broke is  jai rompu  and we broke is  nous avons rompu. More Simple Conjugations of  Rompre If you have doubts about whether something will break,  the subjunctive verb form  can be used. If, however, it is dependent on something else (the possibility that someone will drop an object, for instance), then you can use  the conditional. Found most often in written French, there may also be times when youll need to know  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  forms of  rompre. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rompe romprais rompis rompisse tu rompes romprais rompis rompisses il rompe romprait rompit rompt nous rompions romprions rompmes rompissions vous rompiez rompriez romptes rompissiez ils rompent rompraient rompirent rompissent The French imperative  can be useful for a verb like  rompre  as well. Its used often in exclamations and when you use it theres no need to include the subject pronoun. Imperative (tu) romps (nous) rompons (vous) rompez

African Americans During The Nineteenth Century - 1661 Words

Lynchings were a real threat to African Americans in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. They created a lot of fear in the African American community especially in this time period. Between 1882 and 1969, 4,743 people lynchings occurred. In 1882, African Americans accounted for forty-six percent of lynchings. Yet from 1900 to 1910, African Americans represented eighty-nine percent of lynchings. Lynching was a tool used by white people in this time period to try to control black people, and Ida B. Wells helped bring international attention to this problem and fight to end it. Lynching occurred most frequently in the deep southern states. One reason for the lynchings was the resentment of southern whites when the slaves were†¦show more content†¦At this, the federal government took control of the southern states not yet readmitted to the Union. In order for the states to get readmitted to the Union, they needed to agree to observe the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments. Amendment fourteen guaranteed all citizens the same rights without regard to color. Amendment fifteen made it illegal to discriminate against people based on race in voting rights. African Americans and northerners held a number of government positions during this time, and southern whites did not really accept these governments. Southern whites used legal and illegal means to fight the changes in the status of African Americans.(Royster 7,8) There were some means that were legal at the time which were used to keep blacks from taking advantage of their new freedom. Laws were put in place making requirements for voting other than race, but it was clear these requirements were intended to stop blacks from voting. This was the time period during which lynchings increased. Groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, the Knights of the White Camelia, the Red Shirts, and the White Line participated in lynchings and other forms of violence and intimidation. People outside these groups also lynched African Americans for a variety of reasons such as intimidating blacks into not using their rights or punishing them for real or alleged crimes. (Royster 8) The most likely people to be lynched were black males, although some whites and occasionallyShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans During The Nineteenth Century977 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the nineteenth century, minority groups such as African Americans, Chinese, Mexicans, and Native American s faced new struggles through means of oppression. Each of these minority groups handled this oppression differently because they each had very different experiences. Whether they came willingly, unwillingly, or were being pushed out of their own land, they were all treated as inferior by whites. To fight the oppression they were facing, they all created communities, fostered a senseRead MoreAfrican American Slaves During The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Century1980 Words   |  8 PagesManumission was one of the many hopes that African American slaves had during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Manumission was not only a way to freedom for slaves, but also a way for many slaveholders to rid, of their older slaves who were no longer useful. To say that manumission was agreed upon all states and slave-owners would be an understatement. Not all states or slave-owners thought of manumission as being a good or equal trade for a slave’s duty of work. To many slave owners ma numissionRead MoreMinstrel Shows and Theater856 Words   |  3 PagesThe 19th century was a time period full of disagreements and wishful thinking. During this time, African Americans were trying to become free from slavery. This led to a Civil War. 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Other than the international forces, the most influential institutionsRead MoreA Relationship Between Nature And The Market During The Nineteenth Century Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesIn Chapter 6, Nature and the Market in the Nineteenth Century, of Carolyn Merchant’s Major Problems in American Environmental History, we as readers are introduced to the relationship between nature and the market during the nineteenth century. This chapter contains essays from other authors that help to depict this relationship and each essay relates to the documents that begin the chapter. Nature and t he market have a stark relationship during this time period due to the rise of capitalism thatRead MoreThe American Revolution And The Reconstruction Era1524 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the American Revolution to the Reconstruction era the lives of women and African Americans drastically started to change. During this era after women showed bravery by helping out in the war they were looked at in a different perspective more than just a typical housewife. The Representations of the Confederate Culture had a big impact leading women to redefine their roles from being only housewives into becoming undercover soldiers and going off to battle all to gain independenceRead MoreRelationships And Culture Of Early 19th Century America And Their Ramifications1526 Words   |  7 PagesLong Essay: Relationships of Vulnerable Groups to the Identity and Culture of Early 19th-Century America and their Ramifications Back in the early 1800s, the United States of America had been a country associated with the promise of liberty, autonomy from tyrannical rule, and the unalienable rights specified in the formative Declaration of Independence - life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. As a consequence of the formation of the country and its promises, several diverse groups had flockedRead MoreWomen s Rights And Abolitionist Movement Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Beginning of Women’s Rights Abolitionist Movement Women’s Rights Abolitionists Back in the nineteenth century men and women were not treated equally as they are now. Women did not have as much freedom as the men did and that caused a national movement. Not only were the women segregated from the men, but the discrimination against the African American race was a huge ordeal as well. With both movements combined, it led to a controversial development at that time. Not only were womenRead MoreKingdom of Matthias: Women in the 19th Century1250 Words   |  5 PagesIn the nineteenth century, the legal rights of women and men were highly affected by gender and race, both positively and negatively. In the book, â€Å"Kingdom of Matthias,† by Paul Johnson and Simon Wilentz, they describe the life of two females, Isabella Van Wagenen and Isabella Matthews Laisdell which whom were affected by slavery and high influences of higher power from men. In the nineteenth century it was believed that males were to support the family by working and earning a wage as a husbandRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction Period Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War and Reconstruction period provided African American people with a legal definition of citizenship through three constitutional amendments. Beginning with the 13th Amendment slavery was abolished, then 14th Amendment provided equal protection under the law, and lastly the 15th Amendment allowed all men, including African Americans, the ability to vote. However, the transition from enslavement to freedom was a difficult and terrifying one for most black women as they had little or no

Experiencing Salvation in as I Lay Dying Free Essays

Experiencing Salvation in As I Lay Dying ENGLISH 215 October 31, 2011 William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying centers on the absurd journey that the Bundren family takes to Jefferson to bury their dead mother, Addie. Faulkner frames this journey through the lens of various narrators with a specific focus on the characters’ innermost thoughts and deep interior monologues. Although the novel’s plot revolves around the Bundren family, characters outside of the family are essential to provide an objective view. We will write a custom essay sample on Experiencing Salvation in as I Lay Dying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without these outside characters, much of Faulkner’s commentary would be lost. One of the most important characters outside of the Bundren family is Cora Tull. It is through her character that Faulkner makes his most potent commentary on the ideas of sin, salvation, and hypocrisy. With the strong irony that is employed throughout the novel, Faulkner twists Cora’s seemingly ideal moral character and uses her instead as an example of what not to be. Through the juxtaposition of Addie and Cora, Faulkner seeks to highlight religious hypocrisy and show that Cora’s idea of religious salvation is faulty. Instead, Faulkner believes (as demonstrated through Addie) that true salvation consists of an enlightened state of self-awareness and concrete understanding of one’s own sin. Religion is echoed in every facet of Cora’s life. On the surface, she appears to be a warm-hearted Christian spirit, but it becomes quickly evident that Cora’s perception of religion is skewed. Cora is always seen serving her neighbors but Cora’s charity is not genuine. She serves not out of love, but to keep up a Christian appearance and receive a promised heavenly reward (23, 93). When Cora attempts to serve, even her husband (Vernon Tull) comments that she tries to â€Å"crowd the other folks away and get in closer than anybody else (71). †She is very concerned with the eternal state of others around her, but again, her concern is not out of love. Cora states that only God can see into the heart (167), but in her piety Cora criticizes others and believes that they will only be saved if they adopt her works based religion. Cora’s life experiences have only increased her desire to serve more dutifully because she has earned the respect of others in the community. In this ironic way, Cora’s hypocrisy has served her well on this earth. In contrast, Addie’s life experiences have molded her into a defiant, unfulfilled and bitter woman. Through Cora’s eyes, Addie is a bad mother and is in desperate need of repentance. Cora believes that Addie is blind to her own sin and that it is sacrilegious to trust in Jewel instead of turning to God for salvation. However, it is Cora that cannot see and passes judgment blindly. Cora does not know the implications behind Addie’s favoritism to Jewel and that the man Cora has placed on such a holy pedestal (Minister Whitfield) is in fact a source of Addie’s sin. Cora does not know that it was Minister Whitfield that wanted to cover up the affair and that Addie’s consent to remain quiet were out of love for the brief satisfaction she had found in him – Addie has always remained genuine; she had no desire to be deceitful. Cora’s misinformed judgments are full of words that â€Å"go straight up in a thin line, quick and harmless (173). † In Addie’s section in the novel, she describes the scene where Cora wants Addie to pray with her to receive a salvation (168, 174). The reason Cora thought that Addie could receive salvation by saying a prayer is because Cora’s religion is empty, full of mindless words and â€Å"people to whom sin is just a matter of words, to them salvation is just words too (176). Cora’s word-oriented religious hypocrisy is a direct manifestation of Addie’s idea that words lack meaning and are just â€Å"shape(s) to fill a lack (172). † In distinguishing the differences between Addie and Cora, it is made clear who can ultimately experience salvation. Even though pious Cora may have experienced some worldly success, Faulkner is suggesting that she will never obtain salvation because she is blinded in her hypocrisy and is consumed with duty and a works-based religion. Cora knows sin as it can be expressed in words but not in practice. Addie knows the extent of sin because (unlike Cora) she has truly experienced it. Even though Addie expresses discontent, she is at least aware of her sin and its relationship to the nature of her being. Faulkner criticizes Cora’s judgmental, insincere, and pious character and instead presents Addie’s self-aware, authentic, and pragmatic understanding as the way to experience sanctification in this life. It is Addie, not Cora, who will receive the reward of true enlightenment and salvation. How to cite Experiencing Salvation in as I Lay Dying, Essay examples

Theater Essay Example For Students

Theater Essay TheaterGreek TheaterAlthough theaters developed in manyparts of Greece, it was in Athens, where the most dramatic styles the worldhas known was formed. Ancient Greek theaters were built in naturalopen air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a greatmass of people to enjoy a show at one time(The Ephesus could hold 56,000people) Unlike later dramas, which could be endlessly duplicated,Greek manuscripts existed as a single, fragile piece. Many of themhave been destroyed over time, and the few that have survived are treasured,and said to be priceless. Due to the immense size of the audience,actors placed emphasis on exaggerated action and speech. And, colourfulsymbolic masks and costumes where used. Medieval TheaterMedieval Theater started in churches the reason why medieval plays were about bible stories. At first,it became customary for priests to act out brief scenes during Christmasand Easter. These acts attracted large crowds, and more elaborateversions were created, when crowds increased so much, that seating extendedout onto the steps and streets. Finally the church refused to allowedpriests to partake in any such events again, so ordinary people began theseperformances outside. Performances were set in the town square,with several stage settings around the square. This was as such,because there were no proper theaters, or areas large enough to hold theentire stage. Elizabethan TheaterEnglands theater developed rapidlyin the years following the defeat of the Spanish Armada. The dominantfeature of Elizabethan theater was the stage. There were three partsto the stage:1 The fore stage, which jutted outinto the audience a fare way, this was used for outside scenes. 2 The inner stage, this was usedfor scenes inside a building. 3 An upper stage or balcony, whichwas used for miscellaneous purposes. There were three parts to the stage,as there were no scene changes, or breaks during the play. Very littlescenery was used, so the actors had to create the illusions of a scenethrough there voices and dialogue. This lead to a more poetic script,and poets became the main source of script writing. Restoration TheaterThe restoration theater had itstragic dramas, but the majority of the plays were comical. Many elaboratemachines, were used to create the scene. The stage was a very clever idea,in that on the sides of the stage, large back shutters were painted withthe scene. The stage slightly jutted out, but not into the audience. It was at the front of the stage were most of the acting took place. Modern TheaterModern theater has developed throughoutthe years, incorporating several aspects from the different theaters Ihave talked about. The theater is behind the proscenium arch, whereall the acting takes place. The acting space can be closed off bya curtain, this allows for scene changes. The emphasis is on creatingthe scene through lighting, and music. The acting, and dialogue depictsreal life, and is not exaggerated in any way.

The Role of the Emperor in Meiji Japan Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Role of the Emperor in Meiji Japan Essay Thesis Within this historical context the Meiji leaders realized that they neededto harness the concept of the Imperial Will in order to govern effectively. During the Age of Imperialism, members of the Satsuma and Choshu, two ofthe very powerful clans in Japan, were parts of the opposition to foreignimperialism. This opposition believed that the only way that Japan couldsurvive the encroachment of the foreigners was to rally around the Emperor. The supporters of the imperial government, known as imperialists, claimedthat the Tokugawa Shogunate had lost its imperial mandate to carry out theImperial Will because it had capitulated to Western powers by allowing themto open up Japan to trade. During this time the ideas of the imperialistsgained increasing support among Japanese citizens and intellectuals whotaught at newly established schools and wrote revisionist history booksthat claimed that historically the Emperor had been the ruler of Japan. We will write a custom essay on The Role of the Emperor in Meiji Japan Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The fact that the Tokugawas policy of opening up Japan to the westernworld ran counter to beliefs of the Emperor and was unpopular with thepublic made the Tokugawa vulnerable to attack from the imperialists. Theimperialists pressed their attack both militarily and from within the Courtof Kyoto. The Japanese public and the Shoguns supporters soon felt thatthey had lost the Imperial Will. The end of the Tokugawa regime shows the power of the symbolism and mythssurrounding the imperial institution. The head of the Tokugawa clan died in1867 and was replaced by the son of a lord who was a champion of Japanesehistorical studies and who agreed with the imperialists claims aboutrestoring the Emperor.In 1867, the new shogun handed over all his powerto Emperor Komeo in Kyoto. Shortly after handing over power to EmperorKomeo, the Emperor died and was replaced by his son who became the MeijiEmperor, which officially started the Meiji period (1868-1911).TheMeiji Emperor was only 15, and so all th e power of the new restored Emperorfell not in the Emperors hands but in the hands of his close advisors. Once in control of the government, the Meiji leaders and advisors to theEmperor reversed their policy of hostility to Foreigners.The reason fordoing this was because after Emperor Komeo, who strongly opposed contactwith the west, died in 1867 the Meiji Emperors advisors were no longerbound by his Imperial Will. They realized that opposing western powers wasimpossible, and being anti-western also no longer served the purposes ofthe Meiji advisors. Originally it was a tool of the imperialist movementthat was used to show that the Shogun was not acting out the Imperial Will. Now that the Shogun and Komeo Emperor were dead there was no longer areason to take on anti-foreign policies. The choice of the imperial thrown by the imperialists as a point for Japanto rally around could not have been wiser. Although the imperialinstitution had no real power it had universal appeal to the Japanesepublic. It was both a mythic and religious idea in their minds.In thistime of chaos after coming in contact with foreigners, the imperial thrownprovided the Japanese with a belief of stability (according to Japanesemyth the imperial line is a unbroken lineage handed down since timeimmortal), and the natural superiority of Japanese culture.The symbolismof the Emperor helped ensure the success of the Meiji leaders, because itundercut the legitimacy of the Shogunates rule, and it strengthened theMeiji rulers who claimed to act for the Emperor. What is a great paradox about the imperialists claims to restore thepower of the Emperor is that the Meiji rulers only restored the Em peror topower symbolically, because he was both too young and his advisors toopower hungry. By 1869, relationship between the Emperor and his Meijibureaucracy were very similar to the Emperor and the Tokugawa Shogun beforethe restoration. Both the Meiji Bureaucrats and the Shogun ruled under theauthority of the Emperor but did not let the Emperor make any decisions. In other words, the Meiji Emperor reigned but did not rule. This wasuseful for the new Meiji bureaucrats, because it kept the Emperor a mythicand powerful symbol. The teachings and symbols of Confucian beliefs and the ImperialInstitution were already deeply carved into the minds of the Japanese, butthe new Meiji rulers, through both an education system and the structure ofthe Japanese government, were able to effectively inculcate thesetraditions into a new generation of Japanese. Japan, as a nation close toChina, was greatly influenced by the teachings of Confucius, the greatestteacher in China.Japanese people believe in integrity, uprightness,respect for superiors, filial loyalty, and they also believe that avirtuous man must have culture and manners, which is being humble andbenevolent.These exactly resemble the teachings of Confucianism to actas an individual. The education system the Meiji rulers foundedtransformed itself into a system that indoctrinated students in the ideasof Confucianism and reverence for the Emperor.After the death of Okubo,a very important figure in Meiji government, in 1878, Ito, Okuma, andIwakura emerged as the three most powerful figures among the youngbureaucrats that were running the government in the name of the MeijiEmperor. Iwakura, one of the only figures in the ancient nobility to gainprominence among the Meiji oligarchy allied with Ito who feared thatOkumas progressive ideas would destroy Japans culture. Iwakuras thoughtwas able to manipulate the young Emperor to grow concerned about the needto strengthen traditional morals. Thus in 1882, the Emperor issued theYogaku Koyo, the forerunner of the Imperial Rescript on Education.Thisdocument put the emphasis of the Japanese education system on a moraleducation from 1882 onward. Previous to 1880 the Japanese education system was modeled on that of theFrench education system.After 1880 the Japanese briefly modeled theireducation system on the American system.However, starting wit h theYogaku Koyo in 1882 and ending with the 1885 reorganization of thedepartment of Education along Prussian lines, the American model wasabolished.The new education minister Mori Arinori, after returning fromEurope in 1885 with Ito, was convinced that the Japanese education systemhad to have a spiritual foundation to it.In Prussia, Arinori saw thatfoundation to be Christianity, and he decreed that in Japan the Educationsystem was to be based on reverence for the Imperial Institution. Apicture of the Emperor was placed in every classroom, children read aboutthe myths surrounding the Emperor in school, and they learned that theEmperor was the head of the giant family of Japan.By the time theImperial Rescript on Education was decreed by the Emperor in 1889 theJapanese education system had already begun to transform itself into asystem that taught what to think instead of how to think. The ImperialRescript on Education in 1889 was according to Japanese scholars such asHugh Borton, the nerve axis of the new order.Burton believes that theImperial Rescript on Education signaled the rise of nationalistic elementsin Japan. The Imperial Rescript on Education was the culmination of thiswhole movement to the right. The Rescript emphasized aspects fromConfucianism, especially loyalty and filial piety or respect for theconstitution and readiness to serve the government. It also exalted theEmperor as the coeval between heaven and earth. The Constitution of 1889, like the changes in the education system, helpedstrengthen reverence for the Imperial Institution. The 1889 Constitutionwas really the second document of its kind passed in Japan, the first beingthe Imperial Oath of 1868 in which the Emperor laid out the structure andwho was to head the new Meiji government.This Imperial Oath was referredto as a constitution at the time but it only vaguely laid out the structureof government. The constitution promulgated by the Emperor in 1889 didmuch more than lay out the structur e of Japanese government. It alsoaffirmed that the Emperor was the supreme sovereign over Japan.Thesigning ceremony itself was an auspicious event on the way to it. MoriArinori, one of the moderate leaders of the Meiji government, was attackedand killed by a crazed rightist. The ceremony itself evoked both the pastand present and was symbolic of the Meiji governments shift toward theright and the governments use of the Emperor as supreme ruler. EmperorMeiji signed the constitution, which affirmed the sanctity of the Emperorstitle (Tenno Taiken), and his right to make or abrogate any law.Theconstitution also set up a bicameral legislature.The constitutioncodified the power of the Emperor and helped the Meiji rulers justify theirrule, because they could point to the constitution and say that they werecarrying out the will of the Emperor. Even after the Constitution of 1889,the Meiji Emperor enjoyed little real power. The Meiji Emperor did noteven come to cabinet meetings because his a dvisors told him if the cabinetmade a decision that was different then the one he wanted, then that wouldcreate dissension and would destroy the idea of the Imperial Institution. .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b , .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .postImageUrl , .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b , .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b:hover , .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b:visited , .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b:active { border:0!important; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b:active , .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue92079e70e30d33cdc607cd69d5caf2b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Luba Art And Possible Meanings EssayTherefore, even after the Meiji Constitution, the Emperor was stillpredominantly a symbol.The Constitution ingrained in Japanese societythe idea that the government was being run by higher forces that knewbetter than the Japanese people did. It also broadened the base of supportof the Meiji Rulers who now had a document to prove they were acting onImperial Will and their decisions were imperial decisions instead of thoseof normal mortals. The symbolism of the Emperor and use of Confucianism allowed the Meijirulers to achieve their goals. One of their goals was the abolishment ofthe system of feudalism (taxes paid by peasants to landowner s) and returnof all land to the Emperor. At first the new Meiji Rulers alliedthemselves with the Daimyo clans, which are the strongest samurais justbelow the shogun and own a great deal of lands, in opposition to theTokugawa Shogun. However, once the Meiji leaders had gained control, theysaw that they would need to abolish the feudal system and concentrate powerin the hands of a central government. The Meiji rulers achieved theirgoals by having the Choshu, Satsuma, Tosa, and Hizen clans give up theirlands, granting the Daimyos large pensions if they gave up their clans, andby having the Emperor issue two decrees in July 1869, and August 1871. The role and symbolism of the Emperor, although not the sole factor ininfluencing the Daimyo to give up their land, was vital. The Meiji rulerssaid that not turning in the fiefs to the Emperor would be disloyal andpointed to the historical records, which Meiji scholars claimed, showedthat historically all land were the property of the Emperor.They showedthis by claiming that the Shogun would switch the rulers of lands and thisproved that the Daimyos did not control the title to their land but merelyheld it for the Emperor. Imperial decrees and slogans of loyalty to theEmperor also accompanied the abolishment of the Samurai system.In theabolishment of both these feudal systems, the symbolism of the Emperor, asboth the director of the initiative and recipient of the authorityafterwards, played a vital role in ensuring there success. The abolishment of feudalism and the samurai class were essential for thestability and industrialization of Japan.Without the concentration ofland and powe r in the hands of the Meiji rulers and the Emperor, the Meijirulers feared they would receive opposition from powerful Daimyos and nevergain control and authority over all of Japan. Historical examples bear outthe fears of the Meiji rulers. In 1467, the Ashikaga Shogun failed tocontrol many of the lands. As a result, a civil war raged in Japan.Thecentralization of power allowed the Meiji government to have taxingauthority over all of Japan and pursue national projects.The unity ofJapan also allowed the Meiji rulers to focus on national and not localissues. The use of Confucianism and the Emperor also brought a degree of stabilityto Japan during the tumultuous Meiji years. The Emperors mere presence ona train or in western clothes was enough to convince the public of thesafety or goodness of the Meiji rulers industrial policy. In one famousinstance, the Japanese Emperor appeared in a train car. Since then, trainbecame a common transportation in Japan. The behavior of the Imperialfami ly was also critical to adoption of western cultural practices. Before1873, most Japanese women of a high social position would shave theireyebrows and blacken their teeth to appear beautiful. However, on March3rd, 1873, the Empress appeared in public wearing her own eyebrows and withunblackened teeth. From that day on, most women in Tokyo and around Japanstopped shaving their eyebrows and blackening their teeth.The Imperialinstitution provided both a key tool to change Japanese culture andfeelings about industrialization while providing stability to Japan, whichwas critical to allowing industrialists to invest in factories and increaseexports and production. The symbols and the traditions the Meiji leaders inculcated Japanesesociety with helped the Meiji government maintain stability and pursue itseconomic policies but it also had severe limitations that limited therevolutionary scope of the Japanese government and helped bring about thedownfall of the Meiji era. The use of Confuci anism and the Emperor tobolster the Imperial restoration laid the foundation for a paradox of stateaffairs. The system that sought to strengthen Japan through the use ofmodern technology and modern organization methods was using traditionalvalues to further its goals.This caused some to turn toward the west forthe enlightenment the Meiji era promised. As a result, Okuma waseventually forced out of the increasing nationalist Genro, advisors of theEmperor.For others it led them to severe nationalism rejecting all thatwas western. This was such the case of Saigo who believed till his deathon his own sword that the Meiji leaders were hypocritical and wereviolating the Imperial Will by negotiating and trading with the west.TheMeiji government used the same symbols and traditions that the Tokugawaused, and, like the Tokugawa, gave the Emperor no decision-making power. .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 , .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .postImageUrl , .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 , .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5:hover , .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5:visited , .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5:active { border:0!important; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5:active , .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5 .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8983313edab032d964bf7ce06988e6b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb EssayThe Meiji Emperor, although having supreme power as accorded in theconstitution, never actually made decisions but was instead a pawn of theMeiji Genro who claimed to carry out his Imperial Will. Like theShogunate, the idea that Meiji governments claim to rule for the Emperorwas full with problems. The Imperial Will was a fluid idea that could beadopted by different parties under changing circumstances. Just like theMeiji rulers were able to topple the Shogun by claiming successfully thatthey were the true administrators of the Imperial Will, the militaristelements in the 1930s were able to topple the democratic elements of Japanpartially by claiming t he mantle of ruling for the Emperor.From thisperspective, the Meiji ruling class, built up of the Imperial Myth, was afatal flaw in the government. The constitution, which says in article I,The Empire of Japan shall be governed over by a line of Emperors unbrokenfor ages eternal gave to whoever was acting on the Imperial Will absoluteright to govern. The symbols of the Emperor and the tradition of Confucianism did notdisappear with the end of the Meiji era or World War II. Nowadays, theidea of filial piety is still strong, and multiple generations of a familystill usually live together even in cramped Japanese housing. The religionof Shinto, traditional Japanese animism or nature worship, that the Meijileaders rejuvenated during their rule in order to help foster the imperialcult is still thriving as the thousands of Tori gates and Shrines aroundJapan attest.But the most striking symbol to survive is that of theEmperor, stripped after World War II of all power, is still revered. During the illness of Emperor Showa in 1989, every national newspaper andtelevision show was full of reports related to the Emperors health. During the six months that the Showa Emperor was sick, all parades andpublic events were canceled in respect for the Emperor. Outside the gatesof the Imperial palace in Tokyo long tables were set up where people linedup to sign cards to wish the Emperor a speedy recovery. The news mediaeven kept the type of illness the Emperor had a secret in deference to theEmperor. At his death after months of illness, it was as if the ImperialCult of the Meiji era had returned. Everything in Japan closed down,private television stations went as far as to not air any commercials onthe day of his death, and now almost six years after his death more thanfour hundred and fifty thousand people travel annually to the isolatedgrave site of Emperor Showa. The traditions and symbolism of Confucianism and the Emperor were criticalto the Meiji rulers gaining control of power and goals ofindustrialization. The rulers implanted the Japanese public with thesetraditional values through an education system that s tressed morallearning, and through a constitution that established the law of Japan tobe that of the Imperial Will. The values of Confucianism and symbol of theEmperor allowed the Meiji government to peacefully gain control of Japan byappealing to history and the restoration of the Emperor. However, theMeiji rulers never restored the Emperor to a position of real politicalpower. Instead, he was used as a tool by the government to achieve theirmodernization plans in Japan, such as the abolishment of feudalism, the endof the samurai class, the propagation of new cultural practices, and pubicacceptance of the Meiji governments industrialization policies. Thesymbols and traditions of Japans past are an enduring legacy that havemanifested themselves in the Meiji Restoration and today in Japanscontinued reverence for the Emperor. References1. Nagata, Hidejero. (1921). A Simplified Treatise on the Imperial Houseof Japan. Tokyo: Hakubunkwan. 2. Kuwasaburo, Takatsu. (1893). The History of the Empire of Japan. Tokyo: Dai Nippon Tosho Kabushiki Kwaisha. 3. Reischauer, Edwin O. (1987). Japan Past and Present. Tokyo: TuttlePublishing. 4. McLaren, Walter. (1916). A Political History of Japan During the MeijiEra 1867-1912. New York: Scribner and Sons. 5. Sato, Shusuke. (1916). Some Historical Phases of Modern Japan. NewYork: Japan Society. 6. Allen, Louis. (1971). Japan the Years of Triumph. London: Purnell andSons. 7. Duus, Peter. (1976). The Rise of Modern Japan. Boston: HoughtonMifflin Company. 8. Large, Stephen. (1989). The Japanese Constitutional of 1889. London:Suntory-Toyota International Centre. 9. Best, Ernest. (1966). Christian Faith and Cultural Crisis the JapaneseCase. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 10. Borton, Hugh. (1955). Japans Modern Century. New York: Ronald Press. 11. Murphey, Rhoads. (1997.) East Asia: A New History. New York: AddisonWesley Longman, Inc. Endnotes1 Nagata, Hidejero. (1921). A Simplified Treatise on the Imperial Houseof Japan. Tokyo: Hakubunkwan. p.47. 2 Kuwasaburo, Takatsu. (1893). The History of the Empire of Japan. Tokyo: Dai Nippon Tosho Kabushiki Kwaisha. p.206. 3 Ibid. p.17. 4 Reischauer, Edwin O. (1987). Japan Past and Present. Tokyo: TuttlePublishing. p.112. 5 McLaren, Walter. (1916). A Political History of Japan During the MeijiEra 1867- 1912. New York: Scribner and Sons. p.32. 6 Sato, Shusuke. (1916). Some Historical Phases of Modern Japan.NewYork: Japan Society. p.4. 7 McLaren. A Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era 1867-1912. p.44. 8 Allen, Louis. (1971). Japan the Years of Triumph. London: Purnell andSons. p.8. 9 Duus, Peter. (1976). The Rise of Modern Japan. Boston: HoughtonMifflin Company. p.73. 10 Nagata. A Simplified Treatise on The Imperial House of Japan. p.142. 11 Ibid. p.35. 12 Large, Stephen. (1989). The Japanese Constitutional of 1889.London:Suntory- Toyota International Centre. p.27. 13 McLaren. A Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era 1867-1912. p.70. 14 Murphey, Rhoads. (1997). East Asia: A New History. New York: AddisonWesley Longman, Inc. p.44. 15 Ibid. p.45. 16 Duus. The Rise of Modern Japan. p.116. 17 Best, Ernest. (1966). Christian Faith and Cultural Crisis theJapanese Case. 18 Leiden: E.J. Brill. p.108. 19 Ibid. p.105. 20 Ibid. p.105. 21 Ibid. p.106. 22 Ibid. p.106. 23 Ibid. p.106. 24 Ibid. p.106. 25 Duus. The Rise of Modern Japan. p.117. 26 Borton, Hugh. (1955). Japans Modern Century. New York: RonaldPress. p.524. 27 Duus. The Rise of Modern Japan. p.118. 28 McLaren. A Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era 1867-1912. p.69. 29 Nagata. A Simplified Treatise on The Imperial House of Japan. p.60. 30 Large. The Japanese Constitutional of 1889. p.9. 31 McLaren. A Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era 1867-1912. p.193. 32 Ibid. p.192. 33 Large. The Japanese Constitutional of 1889. p.27. 34 Nagata. A Simplified Treatise on The Imperial House of Japan. p.89. 35 McLaren. A Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era 1867-1912. p.77. 36 Ibid. p.78. 37 Ibid. p.77. 38 Ibid. p.83. 39 Ibid. p.82. 40 Reischauer. Japan Past and Present. p.66. 41 Duus. The Rise of Modern Japan. p.117. 42 Allen. Japan the Years of Triumph. p.41. 43 Duus. The Rise of Modern Japan. p.84. 44 Ibid. p.119. 45 Ibid. p.88. 46 Ibid. p.94-95. 47 Reischauer. Japan Past and Present. p.166. 48 Ibid. p.167. 49 Ibid. p.13. 50 Large. The Japanese Constitutional of 1889. p.20. History

Wal

Wal Wal-Mart Retention and Promotion Essay Promotion and Retention Wal-Mart follows three basic beliefs: Respect for the individual, Service to our customer and Striving for excellence. Service to our customers means, from every associate from the CEO to our hourly associate in local stores, are reminded daily that our customers are why we are here. The goal is to provide the greatest possible level of service to everyone we come in contact with. Service to our customer means making the customer our first priority, supporting the associate so they can best serve the customer and also giving to the local community in ways that connect to the customer. Respect for the individual has been a priority for every associate, customer and member of the community since the very first store opened. This is done by valuing and recognizing the contributions of every associate. We own what we do with a sense of urgency, and empower each other to do the same and communicate by listening to all associates and sharing ideals and information. Finally the k ey to success is constantly looking for ways to improve ourselves and our business. We strive to lead not just our industry, but also each other to the next level of success. We innovate by trying new ways of doing things and improving every day. We model a positive example as we pursue high expectations and work as a team by helping each other and asking for help. Along those three steps, they also have principles that help associates make the right decisions, and to act with integrity. Those principles are to always act and lead with integrity, and expect others to do the same. Follow the law at all times and be honest and fair. Reveal and report information truthfully, without manipulation or misrepresentation. Work, actions, and relationships outside your position with the company should be free of any conflicts of interest. Respect and encourage diversity, and never discriminate against anyone. Also promptly report suspected violations of the Statement of Ethics. To work at Wal-Mart you must have counting and math skills and communication and basic writing and reading. May be required to lift, carry, and place items weighing up to fifty pounds. You can be at a minimum 16 to work at Wal-Mart but, in order to run a register that sales tobacco 18 and in order to sale alcohol 19. There

Caveat Emptor Is this common Law Maxim undermined Essay

Caveat Emptor Is this common Law Maxim undermined - Essay Example This act is in addition to the existing law and accordingly a consumer usually has a remedy either in contract or in the tort of negligence (Slack 1997). The term Caveat emptor connotes that let the buyer beware. It is a common law sales contract concept that exposes the buyer to the risk inherent in a transaction. Though it involves the principle of freedom to contract, nevertheless implied warranties in the context of sale of goods are latent in it (Rossini 1998) The Sale of Goods Act 1893 was amended by several pieces of legislation, some of these are the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, the Misrepresentation Act 1967, the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and the Consumer Protection Act 1987 (Jones and Benson 2003). This act was the first piece of legislation that provided protection to the buyer. Recently there had been a spate of legislations, whose purpose was to enhance the protection that had been made available to consumers. Some instances of such acts are the Misrepresentation Act 1967, the amended Sale of Goods Act (Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994 and the Sale of Goods (Amendment) Act 1994) and the Unfair Terms Regulations (S.I 1994/3159. Unfair Terms Regulations in Consumer Contract Regulations 1994). In this manner the caveat emptor doctrine has been progressively undermined and substituted by the doctrine of caveat venditor or let the seller beware. The noted legal luminary Atiyah opined that the basic principle of law was one of caveat venditor rather than one of caveat emptor (Atiyah and Adams 1995). In addition, the European Union as a champion of the rights of the consumer has planned to introduce legislation that would serve to bestow further protection on the rights of consumers. The Directive on the Sale of Consumer Goods and Associated Guarantees is an important step in this direction (EUROPA 2006). There has been a marked reluctance on the part of judicial policy to interfere with contracts between parties having equal bargaining power. The Unfair Contract Terms Act attempts to extinguish the exclusion and limitation clauses that occur in consumer contracts and contracts that are based on one of the contracting parities' standard terms (Unfair Contract Terms Act (as amended on the 1st of October, 2003) 1977). The above act is inapplicable to commercial contracts in general. In Photo Productions Limited v Securicor the House of Lords permitted Securicor to avoid liability for the acts of one of its employees (Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd 1980). In the case of Slater and others v Finning Ltd, the House of Lords held that if a product failed for the reason that it had been used for a purpose other than that it had been designed for then the seller was absolved of any liability for such failure (Slater v Finning Ltd 1996). This was similar to the decision in Griffths v Peter Conway Ltd, in which the buyer had concealed from the seller as to what use was to be made of the goods (Griffths v Peter Conway Ltd 1939). This indicates very clearly that there has been a preference for caveat venditor in the context of the implied condition of suitability in commercial law. The legal consequences of the rule of caveat emptor require the buyers to undertake

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 21

Marketing - Essay Example Additionally, they also need to change the product content for this new name. The company can minimize on the darkness of the drink and its alcoholic strength. Many youth are drawn to lagers and other lighter beers. In order to capture this market, then the company should look for ways of engineering their product to suit that market preference. However, in order to maintain that older market, the company should still retain its older Guinness brand. In other words, there will be two offerings; the old Guinness brand and the new one. Since the company will be introducing a different brand, then they need to change their packaging. Consumer drinking habits have changed within the UK and in Ireland specifically. People are spending their time commuting and working and it has become increasingly necessary for alcohol manufacturers to consider selling their product conveniently in supermarkets. (O’Mahony, 2007, p 13) Diageo should re-package the new Guinness lite in a can. The can should have different colors from the old Guinness so that young people can see that they are actually buying a different product from their parents. This will go along way in making it convenient for the home consumer and the youth. The third and last aspect about Guinness’ positioning will be its Irish heritage. The beer will be tailored for the Young Ireland population. This is an element that will be communicated in the promotional, distributional and pricing strategies as seen below. In order to attract the younger consumer, Guinness lite’s pricing should be tailored to suit that category. Since most youth are not yet as financially stable as their older counterparts, then it will be necessary to place the product’s price at a consumer-friendly level. Over the past five years, Guinness has been performing relatively well in foreign markets. However, the major problem is

Natural Product and Metabolomics

Natural Product and Metabolomics Mass Spectrometry is often become very useful comes into the final confirmation stage of a chemical structure. This is because by noting the fragmentation pattern and the total molecular mass of compound, researchers will be able to confirm the compound’s chemical formula, followed by confirming the chemical structure proposed based on previous instrumental analyses. Nowadays, Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography are coupled with mass spectrometry in order for researchers to obtain the molecular mass right after the compounds are separated chromatographically. However, GC-MS are more often being used to study natural product compared to LC-MS because LC-MS doesn’t have its database constructed like GC-MS due to the extensive range of secondary metabolites and it is hardly reproducible. (Lee Yoon et al., 2013) Researchers can confirm the compound by matching the molecular mass obtained from GC-MS with the established database, while LC-MS users will have to refe r to the data provided by previous researchers on that particular field of study. There are a lot of journals regarding the studies of primary and secondary metabolites being published and a lot of researches will insert their sample for GC-MS experiment and then compared their compound’s fragmentation pattern and also molecular weight to the National Institute of Standards and Technology libraries, which will tells researchers the structure of their compounds, even if there are no exact matching, researches will at least have a rough idea on their structure. In the early 1990s, Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was introduced to extract compounds from samples without the use of solvent; this method is later applied on samples before undergoing GC-MS process. This technique enables researchers to extract compounds from sample in a much simpler and cheaper way since it doesn’t include the use of solvent. SPME works by adsorbing compounds into its fibre coated absorbing phase from the sample, and then inserted into GC for desorption of compound into it and then separated. (Dagostino Sanz et al., 2014) This technique is so convenient that researchers can even carry it along when going into a jungle to adsorb compounds from plant of interest and bringing it back to the lab to undergo GC-MS experiment, much more convenient than plucking a big bunch of plants sample to the lab for solvent soaking. Samples can be injected into GC-MS through either split of splitless injection; split injection system will direct most of the samples out to the atmosphere and only allow approximately 1% of it to enter the column while splitless injection system allows most of the samples to enter the column. Split/splitless system are designed to give reproducible chromatographic retention times and also to keep the chromatographic requirements of column in place, to use split of splitless, it is depending on the sensitivity required. Though splitless system allows more sample to be injected in however, metabolomics researches are better be carried out with split system because metabolites are present in wide range concentrations and it allows researchers to analyze volatile compounds eluting near the solvent peak. (Cyril Jousse, 2009) Besides plant’s metabolites, GC-MS is also very useful for bio-metabolics, some of the bio-metabolics researches are for example Chrysoula Christou et al. did a research on analysis of organic acids in human urine in clinical settings in order to develop a method for organic acid profiling in human urine, this can be useful to detect metabolics or other health disorders. Their sample was being separated by gas column and undergo quadrupole mass spectrometer in the electron ionization (EI) mode and as a result chromatogram and mass spectra shown 11 organic acids separated and identified by conducting similarity search on NIST library (3). A research was carried out by Ioannis Papoutsis and the team of research. where GC-MS method was used to determine amisulpride in blood. Amisulpride is an antipsychotic drugs which is prescribed to psychiatric patients, overdosing can cause arrhythmia, bradycardia and hypotension. (4) SPME was first used by them to extract compounds from the b lood samples and then separated by using gas chromatography and finally detected by mass spectrometer, results show that GC-MS can be used to monitor amisulpride in the blood and this can be used in pharmacokinetic studies and also forensic investigation. Archeology GC-MS is also used in assisting archaeology studies; it is especially useful when comes to determining the chemical constituents of the sample. In one of the recent archaeology research, M. Mà ©nager, C. Azà ©mard and C. Vieillescazes studied the mummification balms from the mummy skulls with FTIR and GC-MS. Twelve mummified heads were collected, the balms on the heads were extracted with organic solvent and water before introduced to GC-MS. Molecular components were eluted by using helium, and injected with split system. Samples were eluted by using helium as carrier gas with the flow of 1mL.min-1 and oven temperature was set to: 50  °C for 2 min, 50–250  °C at 8  °C ·min−1, 250–350  °C at 3  °C ·min−1, and 350  °C during 20 min. 1 ÃŽ ¼L of each sample was injected with a splitting system and the injection temperature was set at 250  °C. Mass spectra were generated by electron ionization mode with electron ionization energy of 70 eV, an ionization time of 25,000 ÃŽ ¼s and a mass range of 40–650 m/z. (5) As a result, those mummification balms were found to contain mixtures such as oils, fats, beeswax, resins, proteins, polysaccharides and minerals, these compounds are confirmed again by matching mass spectra with NIST library. With the use of only FTIR without confirmation by GC-MS, researchers will only be able to know the functional group in it without confirming the compounds. Cosmetic In cosmetic industries, chemical compounds in every cosmetic must be carefully studied as it’s applied onto human’s skin and body, therefore any mistake made will cause allergy or irritation to end users. Synthetic husk has been widely applied in cosmetic industry due ti its long-lasting odor, however, it was found that two groups of synthetic musk can cause many health disorders. Many countries have also set up regulations on the amount of synthetic musk in order to protect end users, this has become another parameter in quality control of cosmetic products. In Beijing, China, Haifeng Dong and his team of researchers conducted a research on 7 synthetic musk in cream by using SPME and then GC-MS, cream is chosen as it is the most common form of cosmetic product. (6) Cosmetic creams contains moisturizing, nutritional agent and also many lipophilic compounds. Synthethic musks have low polarity and it is also one of lipophilic compounds, which cause synthethic musks can be hardly be separated out from other liphophilic compounds. Cream samples must undergo extra cleanup steps such as by matrix solid phase dispersion method (MSPD) in order minimizes the matrix effect. Since water and isopropanol was used to separate synthetic musks from lipophilic compounds, supported liquid extraction will need to be used in order absorb water and remove interferences to give better purification. Tandem MS was used in this research in order to improve the selectivity and decrease the detection limit. This research which deals with dream shows slightly different in the preparation method compared to other GC-MS research, however, overall concept is still similar.

Telecommunication Industry Analysis

The domestic telecommunication industry offers a broad range of services through four primary product segments: radio, television, voice communications, and broadband services, the two largest being voice communications and broadband services (Industry). These services are offered to businesses and personal consumers, and are the industry’s primary user segments. Companies in the telecommunication industry are the primary means by which communication is provided, whether it is by telephone, Internet, or television. Using transmissions of signals over networks of radio towers, data is transferred to customers using devices, such as a phone (Telecommunications). Determining which segment to market to and who drives the market is integral for companies in the telecommunication industry to understand. User Segments The telecommunication industry markets to two segments: business and personal consumers. The business segment utilizes the services of the telecom industry for better communication, higher efficiency, and better distribution of data (Telecommunications and Business). As businesses require communication devices for email, phone, teleconferencing, and data transferring, companies are marketing to businesses offering the most advanced and efficient products. Businesses also allow for a larger budget for spending, and consequently telecommunication companies are refining their product to fit their needs on a larger scale. AT&T and Verizon Communications are the leading providers in the business segment, offering services such as videoconferencing, networking, Internet, and voice communications. Personal consumers are the other segment the telecommunication industry markets to. With over 290 million subscribers in the United States (U.S.), companies in the telecommunication industry are on a very competitive playing field. AT&T and Verizion, again the leading providers in the personal consumer segment, spend a large amount each year on advertising trying to reach their markets (The Account). Consumers want products with the most speed and reliability, which forces companies to update constantly. With new products and features coming out regularly, it is imperative these companies stay current with the latest technology. Product Segments The two product segments that define the telecommunication industry are voice communications and broadband services. Voice communications entail phone services such as phone calls and voice messaging. Businesses and personal users rely heavily on this service, as people are requiring reliable and efficient phone service in their everyday lives. Features play an integral role in defining the product, so companies must have feedback from consumers to know how to improve their product (Cell Phone). Broadband services offer Internet access to its users. This technology is improving constantly, becoming faster and more efficient. Integrating into phones, television, and DSL, broadband services are becoming increasingly important to having a reliable product and reaching customers (Industry). Over the past decade, Internet subscribers have doubled, reaching over 266 million customers (World), which shows the prevalence of broadband services in the United States. As many of the telecommunication companies have merged in recent years, they are able to offer a larger product as well as â€Å"bundled media packages†, which brings in new revenue sources and opportunities for growth (Industry). In the telecommunication industry, the consumer is driving the market. As technology is advancing and more features are becoming available, companies must customize their products to fit the consumers’ needs. Many consumers require different features and options, which require the companies to stay current with recent trends. Customer service has also played a large role in the satisfaction of customers, and the companies take a lot of feedback to improve their products (Industry). Trends in the Telecommunication Industry As the telecommunication industry evolves, so do the trends that drive it. Demographics have become less important, although age and occupation does play a major role (Market). Teens are becoming a target for companies, as well as business professionals (Teens). Consumer trends are driving adoption of phones in the market, as social networking, jobs, and personal use are becoming parts of everyday life (Consumer). Technological advancements are playing a major role in the development of the telecommunication industry. Products are becoming faster, cheaper, and of higher quality, as well as including features and applications for consumers so they can communicate and work more efficiently (Top). Competitors One of the top competitors in the telecommunications industry is AT&T. With over $124 billion in total revenue (T), AT&T is one of the largest providers of telecommunication services in the United States. Their main products are for businesses as well as the consumer, including wireless, broadband, phone, and data solution services. AT&T’s strategy involves working with its suppliers and customers to improve their efficiencies and form a positive, long-lasting relationship with them. They improve their company by becoming more sustainable, in hopes of promoting a positive impact on the communities it serves (AT&T Corporate). Verizon Communications is also a leading competitor in the telecommunications industry. With $106.5 billion in total revenue last year (VZ), Verizon is another leading provider of telecommunication services in the United States. Verizon offers products similar to AT&T, which enables them to compete closely with AT&T. Their basic strategy involves being proactive in improving their services to satisfy customers. Verizon continually adapts to new technology and brings innovation to all its products. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for its customers by offering innovative products (Verizon). Sprint Nextel Communications, totaling $32 billion in total revenue in 2010 (S), is a smaller competitor but is still among the top companies in the domestic telecommunication industry. Sprint offers phones for business and personal use, as well as business solutions to help the company operate its communications with more ease. Part of their strategy is to foster and develop relationships with organizations to form alliances and deliver integrated products and services. Sprint is also involved in becoming more responsible, in regards to its products, the environment, and its customers (About).

Stepper Motors and Servomotors

Stepper motors and Servomotors Motors are the special electrical devices that have been developed by the engineers for the conversion of energy from one form to another. Engineers have developed the science of motors to an extent wherein they can be used for numerous applications and in several technologies. We would discuss the characteristics of two of the most commonly used types of motors, i. e. the stepper motors and the servomotors. Both these motors serve different purposes and are used and employed for different reasons and different applications based on the need and the requirement.The stepper motors are those motors that work on the basis of the x/y axis coordinates and works on the basis of a special torch, which can help in pointing at all the directions and the synchronization observed between the two coordinates and axes of the motor makes it simple to work. The best characteristic of the stepper motor is that it offers high reliability and not only reliability but als o exhibits extremely high speed, thus making the operations much more efficient. Numerous technologies make use of the stepper motors and that is because they are also inexpensive.Since these motors make sure that they don’t miss the steps, they give and lead to extremely high efficiency and output. The costs and efforts required for the management and repair of these motors are also comparatively less. Servo motors are slightly different as compared to the stepper motors. They are actually the rotary actuators that help in gaining complete accuracy and precision for the purpose of controlling the angular position during the working of the motors. They are high performance motors and usually replace the stepper motors due to their high performances.One major advantage that the stepper motors have but servomotors don’t have is that the stepper motors are comparatively cheaper than the servomotors and hence tend to be more employed and used. Servo motors are also usually bigger and heavier than the stepper motors and are hence used mostly for heavy machinery and big equipments. One thing that amazes users is the intelligence factor that can be embedded for the servomotors. Servomotors can be made interesting and much more automated with certain developments and coding.They are commonly use for different applications including that of robotics and automated manufacturing. By comparing both these types of motors, we see that they both have their own characteristics and their own pros and cons. Though their working dynamics differ significantly, they still can be used at the same place. The final decision however lies on the requirement and the need for the efficiency, cost and size of the motor. Industries make use of both these motor types very frequently. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help

Essay on Treatment Of African Americans 1865-1895

During the span of thirty years from 1865 to 1895 blacks that lived within this time frame went through arguably the most profound series of events to occur in African American history. Southern blacks were faced with prejudice, bondage, slavery, and ultimately survival. Shortly after the thirteenth amendment was ratified, stating that: â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.† The southern governments enacted a series of Black Codes that were purposefully meant to keep blacks â€Å"as near to a state of bondage as possible.† Blacks could not bear arms, be employed in†¦show more content†¦In other words, it put teeth in the Thirteenth Amendment.† By Congress passing the Civil Rights Act by a two-thirds majority over President Johnson’s veto, it was the first time in American history that legislation became law over the president. This was a victory politically and socially for the blacks in America. Even though whites in the north were sympathetic towards abolishing slavery, they still did not want blacks to take part in the northern schools or neighborhoods. Also the idea of blacks being able to vote was still far and few between. During the next year in June 1866 Congress submitted yet another amendment to the constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.† This solidified the black’s right to citizenship on a political scale, yet they still did not have the right to vote. The Amendment did not reduce segregation or stop most southern states from continuing to persecute the black population but it did give passageway for the Reconstruction Acts to take place. These acts forced the southern states to be split into military districts until they complied with Congress. African Americans that were living during this time were in the middle an immense struggle of power between theShow MoreRelatedTreatment of African Americans: 1865-18951334 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the span of thirty years from 1865 to 1895 blacks that lived within this time frame went through arguably the most profound series of events to occur in African American history. Southern blacks were faced with prejudice, bondage, slavery, and ultimately survival. Shortly after the thirteenth amendment was ratified, stating that: â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United StatesRead MoreCollective Memory : The Political Nature And Consequences Of Erasure1290 Words   |  6 Pagesaction and neglect in regards to the rights of African Americans after Reconstruction. 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